Infectious muscle necrosis etiology in the Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) cultured in Ecuador

Melena, JoséTomalá, JavierPanchana, FannyBetancourt, IrmaGonzabay, CésarSonnenholzner, StanislausAmano, YasujiBonami, Jean-Robert

In recent years, some Ecuadorian shrimp farmers have reported several cases of muscle necrosis in P. vannamei grow out cultures, associated to low mortalities at harvest. This abnormal condition is characterized by focal to extensive necrotic areas in striated tail muscle tissues, displaying a white, opaque appearance. Furthermore, histological analysis from suspected samples with macroscopic lesions revealed a loss of sarcomeric structure accompanied by coagulative muscle necrosis along with hemocytic infiltration. Two viruses, not reported in Ecuador, are described as etiological agents of muscle necrosis in P. vannamei: infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) and Penaeus vannamei nodavirus (PvNV). In this study, the etiology of the muscle necrosis cases found in the Pacific white shrimp P. vannamei cultured in Ecuador was examined. This muscle necrosis was hypothesized to be caused by an infectious agent. Three sequential challenge tests, using diseased P. vannamei with macroscopic lesions (opaque, whitish discolorations in the abdominal muscles) as starting material (crude inoculum), were carried out. Essentially, histological examination confirmed that most of the challenged shrimp had lesions in skeletal muscle, including multifocal necrosis, fibrocytic inflammation and phagocytosis. In the first trial, 7 challenged shrimp (out of 10) presented multifocal necrosis and hemocyt

1. infectious etiology
2. Penaeus vannamei
3. muscle necrosis
4. hemocytic infiltration