Hepatic encephalopathy secondary to chronic liver lesions caused by Crotalaria incana in a bovine
Leal, Paula VelozoMelo, Gleice Kelli Ayardes dePott, ArnildoMartins, Tessie BeckGardner, DaleBarros, Claudio Severo Lombardo deLemos, Ricardo Antônio Amaral de
Background: Crotalaria spp. Poisoning induces liver or pulmonary disease. C. mucronata, C. juncea, C. spectabilis, andC. retusa are the Crotalaria spp. inducing spontaneous intoxication in livestock in Brazil. C. mucronata and C. junceaare associated with interstitial pneumonia, while C. retusa and C. specatabilis induce hepatotoxicosis. The toxic principle in Crotalaria spp. are dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides. C. incana poisoning to livestock is rarelydocumented. This paper reports the clinical signs and pathological findings of a case of Crotalaria incana poisoning in asteer. The chemical finding of a potential toxic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid in the plant is documented for the first time.Case: The affected bovine was part of a herd of 80 two-year-old steers that were transferred from Property 1 to Property2, 30 days prior to the event. In the pasture of Property I - where the steers were held for 6 months - there was a heavyinfestation by a Crotalaria species with signs of being consumed by the steers. The plant was identified as Crotalariaincana at the Botanical Laboratory of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul and a voucher specimen was filedthere under the register GCMS 51169. Two days after entering Property 2 one of the steers became depressed, staggering,and in poor body condition. With time, the steer became oblivious to the environment and died 20 days after the onset ofthe clinical signs. Significant necropsy findings were limited to the liver which was markedly enlarged and with roundededges. The hepatic cut surface was mottled with dark red and extensive orange areas of discoloration. The gallbladder wasdistended and the bile was inspissated. Microscopically, in the liver, there was fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia and hepatocellular megalocytosis. The Glissons capsule was markedly thickened by fibrosis. In the brain, there was vacuolation ofmyelin... (AU)
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